place of articulation. Figure8. Errors and problems by EFL learnersAs demonstrated in the table, there are different reasons behind making such errors ranging from the absence in first language to different manner of articulation. The treatment lasted for 30 minutes class hours; one class hour – 90 minutes – a week for... متن کامل
راه حلها: جهت رفع مشکلات در زنجیره تامین سه دسته فنون وجود دارد. دسته اول فنونی هستند که در ارتباط با طراحی و عرضه قطعات، عرضه کنندگان، مدیریت ارتباطات بین عرضه کنندگان و ارتبـــاط... متن کامل
second score. If students can score at least 75 out of 100, they are eligible to move to higher levels. If their final grades are below 75, they have to take that semester again till they can pass it. All participants were 18 to 27-year-olds. To make sure of the homogeneity of participants in terms of English proficiency,... متن کامل
predicted remained highly influential for quite a long time. Having realized that the strong claims of contrastive analysis were too idealistic and beyond the reach, Wardhaugh (1970) proposed a more tenable weak version of Contrastive Analysis. The weak version starts with the evidence provided by linguistic interference and... متن کامل
cause problems to adolescent and adult learners but the limitations can be compensated to some degree.2.13.3. Learner’s attitude and sense of identityNonlinguistic factors can influence achievement in pronunciation. One of these factors that strongly determine the accuracy of learners’ pronunciation are a person’s... متن کامل
teachers end up wanting to avoid pronunciation altogether. When teaching pronunciation teachers need to bear in minds that pronunciation in comparison with the other aspects of learning will be always marked with personal attitudes towards the target language, learner’s abilities and so on; therefore there can never be... متن کامل
word from the other e.g. pin is differentiated from bin by the distinctive initial consonants /p/ and /b/. The sequential function means that the phonological form of a word consists of a sequence of phonemes, and that every phoneme consists of a set of (simultaneous) distinctive features (1992: 201). The minimal function of... متن کامل
1800s and early 1900s that pronunciation started to be taught through imitation and intuition (Celce- Murcia, Brinton, & Goodwin, 1996). Teacher, as the role model was the source of input for students to imitate and repeat. In this method, pronunciation was taught through intuition and imitation; students imitated a model... متن کامل
of course /v/ / / d. already /l/ / / 2.8.5. AssimilationAssimilation refers to change of place of articulation of final consonants of a words... متن کامل
real-life speech (Lam, 2002). They also need to be aware of time-creating devices (e.g., “um,” “uh,” and “eh”), facilitation devices (e.g., “you know,” “I mean,” and “well”), and compensation devices (e.g., redundant or repeated words, discourse markers, and other visual clues) inherent in spoken... متن کامل